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Citizen Oversight of Independent Police Services: Bifurcated Accountability, Regulation Creep and Lesson Learning
Graham Smith
Regulation and Governance. 2009;3(4):422-442.
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Abstract
Examining developments in England and Wales, this paper considers police reform in the context of the tension between operational independence and citizen oversight of complaints. An appreciation of the nexus between regulation and accountability is presented in order to help understand how the traditional bifurcated accountability paradigm maintained police autonomy in the late twentieth century and the recent trend towards regulation of the police. Particular significance is attached to the shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes as a critical moment in the history of police governance. The lesson-learning strategy of the Independent Police Complaints Commission, created under the Police Reform Act 2002, is singled out as an important driver of police reform.
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