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You shall be taught what you need to know, both for your soul and bodies’ (Annual report of the Manchester Juvenile Reformatory, 1857). The Archaeology of Philanthropic Housing and the Development of the Modern Citizen.

Marino, Gordon Stewart

[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2012.

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Abstract

This thesis is submitted by Gordon Stewart Marino to the University of Manchester for consideration of the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 2012. It is entitled: ‘You shall be taught what you need to know, both for your soul and bodies’ (Annual Report of the Manchester Juvenile Reformatory, 1857). The Archaeology of Philanthropic Housing and the Development of the Modern Citizen.When Frank Prochaska first published his studies on philanthropy, he provided the most in-depth scholarship to date. But this research is now over 20 years old and is ready for review. It is also a purely historical analysis, with little archaeological content. This research seeks to enhance Prochaska’s findings, using the archaeological record to evaluate, augment and further develop his findings.A complex web of personal and societal motivations interweave through individual philanthropic activity. Most research to date ignores this interconnectedness, or relegates it to subordinate status, producing a simplistic model. This research seeks to explore the relationship between personal impulse and societal pressure, investigating the affiliation between the two in diverse case studies, both UK and international. This is accomplished through archaeological methodology, and the exploration of material culture.The model proposed in this research provides a recognition of the complexity of personal and communal action. It draws heavily on a theoretical perspective that includes Bourdieu and Giddens. It places these theoretical perspectives within a practical and appropriate framework, to provide a robust analysis of change through philanthropic action. As such it complements much of the research of Prochaska, whilst providing a modern interpretation.

Layman's Abstract

This study examines the changing role of philanthropic housing through Victorian and Edwardian periods. It uses illustrative case studies from navvy camps, industrial towns, urban spread and orphanages. An international comparison is made, and it challenges existing stereotypical perceptions of marginalised groups.