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How Close Can One Approach the Dirac Point in Graphene Experimentally?
Mayorov, A S; Elias, D C; Mukhin, I S; Morozov, S V; Ponomarenko, L A; Novoselov, K S; Geim, A K; Gorbachev, R V
Nano Letters. 2012;12(9):4629-4634.
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Abstract
The above question is frequently asked by theorists who are interested in graphene as a model system, especially in context of relativistic quantum physics. We offer an experimental answer by describing electron transport in suspended devices with carrier mobilities of several 10(6) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and with the onset of Landau quantization occurring in fields below 5 mT. The observed charge inhomogeneity is as low as approximate to 10(8) cm(-2), allowing a neutral state with a few charge carriers per entire micrometer-scale device. Above liquid helium temperatures, the electronic properties of such devices are intrinsic, being governed by thermal excitations only. This yields that the Dirac point can be approached within 1 meV, a limit currently set by the remaining charge inhomogeneity. No sign of an insulating state is observed down to 1 K, which establishes the upper limit on a possible bandgap.
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ballistic transport; bilayer graphene; boron-nitride; clamped contacts; graphene; high mobility; mobility; quantum; suspended graphene; suspended graphene; transport-properties
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