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Magnetisation of individual mesoscopic superconductors
Geim, A K; Dubonos, S V; Grigorieva, I V; Lok, J G S; Mann, J C
Czechoslovak Journal of Physics. 1996;46:2307-2308.
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Abstract
We report on magnetometry of individual Al disks with the radius r from several mu m down to 10(3)A. The studies were carried out using a novel mu-magnetisation measurement technique which is based on detection of a local magnetic field by submicron Hall probes. The technique allows non-invasive access to individual superconducting samples of the size comparable with the coherence length xi(T=0) (OD regime). The superconducting phase diagram of Al disks exhibits an oscillatory behaviour due to the size quantization in the energy spectrum of Cooper pairs,in analogy to the classical Little-Parks experiment. The experiment also reveals a number of new features related to the reduced dimensionality: a) recovery of the type-I phase transition around r congruent to xi(0) while the transition remains type-II in both limits r much less than xi and r much less than b) mesoscopic correction to the ideal Meissner state due to partial penetration of a vortex and c) metastable superconductivity due to a hysteretic transition between the ground and excited states in the superconducting energy spectrum.
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