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The Therapeutic Potential of CD271+ Sorted Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Adipose Tissue Engineering
[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2019.
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Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is often a crucial aspect of reconstructive and aesthetic surgeries. Currently, the surgical outcome of these surgeries is far from ideal. Poor graft retention, frequently requiring second surgeries, is a major issue with this technique. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), obtained from the patient’s own tissues, present a unique opportunity to improve adipose tissue engineering techniques. Enriching fat grafts with ASCs improves graft survival, most likely through the release of important growth factors and the promotion of re-vascularisation and adipogenesis. However, ASCs represent a heterogeneous population, and ASC subpopulations with functional differences can be distinguished by their expression of surface markers. Selection of subpopulations of ASCs, using techniques such as magnetic- activated cell sorting (MACS), would allow the targeting of specific ASCs that may benefit fat graft survival more than the general ASC population. Here we show that human ASCs selected for the surface marker CD271 possess more typical stem cell properties than CD271- ASCs. RNA sequencing revealed CD271+ sorted ASCs to be potentially less inflammatory and more angiogenic than the CD271- population. Co-culture of CD271+ sorted ASCs with adipose tissue produced a more angiogenic environment than adipose tissue co-culture with CD271- sorted ASCs. HUVEC tubule analysis revealed that CD271+ sorted ASCs could potentially prompt the formation of more complex vascular networks than CD271- ASCs. Overall, these results suggest that enriching grafts with this CD271+ ASC subpopulation holds great potential for the improvement of reconstructive and aesthetic surgeries involving adipose tissue.