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Intrusive memories and images in bipolar disorder
Gregory, J. D., Brewin, C. R., Mansell, W., & Donaldson, C
Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010;48(7):698-703.
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Abstract
Background: Intrusive memories and images are common in depression and anxiety disorders, but little is known about their possible presence in bipolar disorder. Aims:To investigate the presence and characteristics of intrusive memories and other images across varying mood states. Method: A semi-structured interview was administered to 29 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder, requiring them to report the intrusive memories and other images recalled from their most recent episode of euthymia, depression and hypomania. Results: Euthymia was characterised by intrusive memories of the past, which were less distressing than the memories experienced in depressed states. In addition to intrusive memories, depression was associated with vivid images focussed on death and suicide. Intrusive memories were rare in hypomanic states, which instead were characterised by vivid, enjoyable images of future events. Conclusions: Behaviours and emotions in different bipolar states may be amplified by characteristic intrusive memories and images.