Schrappe M, Hunger SP, Pui CH, Saha V, Gaynon PS, Baruchel A, Conter V, Otten J, Ohara A, Versluys AB, Escherich G, Heyman M, Silverman LB, Horibe K, Mann G, Camitta BM, Harbott J, Riehm H, Richards S, Devidas M, Zimmermann M. (2012). Outcome after Induction Failure in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(15), 1371-1381. eScholarID:159050 | DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1110169
Biondi, A., Schrappe, M., De Lorenzo, P., Castor, A., Lucchini, G., Gandemer, V., Pieters, R., Stary, J., Escherich, G., Campbell, M., Li, C., Vora, A., Aricò, M., Röttgers, S., Saha, V. & Valsecchi, M (2012). Imatinib after induction for treatment of children and adolescents with Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (EsPhALL): a randomised, open-label, intergroup study. Lancet Oncol, eScholarID:167424 | PMID:22898679 | DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70377-7
Castro, F., McGinn, O., Krishnan, S., Marinov, G., Li, J., Rutkowski, A., Elkord, E., Burt, D., Holland, M., Vaghjiani, R., Gallego, A., Saha, V. & Stern, P (2012). 5T4 oncofoetal antigen is expressed in high risk of relapse childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is associated with a more invasive and chemotactic phenotype. Leukemia, eScholarID:153847 | PMID:22266911 | DOI:10.1038/leu.2012.18
Chen, D., Saha, V., Liu, J., Schwartz, J. & Krstic-Demonacos, M (2012). Erg and AP-1 as determinants of glucocorticoid response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncogene, eScholarID:166613 | PMID:22869147 | DOI:10.1038/onc.2012.321
2011
van Delft FW, Horsley S, Colman S, Anderson K, Bateman C, Kempski H, Zuna J, Eckert C, Saha V, Kearney L, Ford A, Greaves M. (2011). Clonal origins of relapse in ETV6-RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood, 117(23), 6247-6254. eScholarID:125866 | DOI:10.1182/blood-2010-10-314674
Shekhar Krishnan, Ashish Masurekar, and Vaskar Saha. (2011). Identifying Targets for New Therapies in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In Vaskar Saha and Pamela Kearns (Ed.), New Agents for the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (pp. 25-37). New York: Springer. eScholarID:156678
Saha, V. and Kearns, P. (2011). New Agents for the Treatment of Acute Lymphblastic Leukemia. New York: Springer. eScholarID:156676
Pamela Kearns and Vaskar Saha. (2011). Nucleoside Analogues. New Agents for the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (pp. 167-187). New York: Springer. eScholarID:156679
Holland M, Castro FV, Alexander S, Smith D, Liu J, Walker M, Bitton D, Mulryan K, Ashton G, Blaylock M, Bagley S, Connolly Y, Bridgemen J, Miller C, Krishnan S, Dempsey C, Masurekar A, Stern P, Whetton A, Saha V. (2011). RAC2, AEP and ICAM1 expression are associated with CNS disease in a mouse model of Pre-B childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood, eScholarID:125867 | DOI:10.1182/blood-2010-09-307330
Offman MN, Krol M, Patel N, Krishnan S, Liu J, Saha V, Bates PA. (2011). Rational engineering of L-Asparaginase reveals importance of dual activity for cancer cell toxicity. Blood, 117(5), 1614-1621. eScholarID:98595 | DOI:10.1182/blood-2010-07-298422
2010
Arico, M. Schrappe, M. Hunger, S. P. Carroll, W. L. Conter, V. Galimberti, S. Manabe, A. Saha, V. Baruchel, A. Vettenranta, K. Horibe, K. Benoit, Y. Pieters, R. Escherich, G. Silverman, L. B. Pui, C. H. Valsecchi, M. G. (2010). Clinical outcome of children with newly diagnosed philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated between 1995 and 2005. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(31), 4755-4761. eScholarID:98596 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1325
Parker C, Waters R, Leighton C, Hancock J, Sutton R, Moorman AV, Ancliff P, Morgan M, Masurekar A, Goulden N, Revesz T, Darbyshire P, Love S, Saha V. (2010). Effect of Mitoxantrone on outcome of children with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL R3): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, eScholarID:98594 | DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62002-8
Saha V, Shanson E, Shankar A, Samuel D, Millar M. (2010). Hospital ventilation, heat and humidity: risk of fungal and other infections. J Hosp Infect, 75(1), 74-75. eScholarID:98593 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.11.009
Krishnan, S., Wade, R., Moorman, A., Mitchell, C., Kinsey, S., Eden, T., Parker, C., Vora, A., Richards, S. & Saha, V (2010). Temporal changes in the incidence and pattern of central nervous system relapses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on four consecutive Medical Research Council trials, 1985-2001. Leukemia, 24(2), 450-9. eScholarID:85940 | PMID:20016529 | DOI:10.1038/leu.2009.264
2009
Patel, N, Krishnan, S, Offman, M, Krol, M, Moss, C, Leighton, C, van Delft, F, Holland, M, Liu, J, Alexander, S, Dempsey, C, Ariffin, H, Essink, M, Eden, T, Watts, C, Bates, P, Saha, V. (2009). A dyad of lymphoblastic lysosomal cysteine proteases degrades the antileukemic drug l-asparaginase. J Clin Invest, eScholarID:1d32651 | DOI:10.1172/JCI37977
2007
Strefford, J, Worley, H, Barber, K, Wright, S, Stewart, A, Robinson, H, Bettney, G, van Delft, F, Atherton, M, Davies, T, Griffiths, M, Hing, S, Ross, F, Talley, P, Saha, V, Moorman, A, Harrison, C. (2007). Genome complexity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is revealed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Oncogene, 26( 29), eScholarID:1d32438 | DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1210190
Saha V. (2007). Simplifying treatment for children with ALL. Lancet, 369( 9556), 82-3. eScholarID:1d31309
2006
Jon C. Strefford, Frederik W. van Delft, Hazel M. Robinson, Helen Worley, Olga Yiannikouris, Rebecca Selzer, Todd Richmond, Ian Hann, Tony Bellotti, Manoj Raghavan, Bryan D. Young, Saha, V, Christine J. Harrison. (2006). Complex genomic alterations and gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21. PNAS, 103 (21), 8167-8172. eScholarID:1d14892 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.0602360103
2005
Zuna, J, Ford, AM, Peham, M, Patel, N, Saha, V, Eckert, C, Kockling, J, Panzer-Grumayer, P, Trka, J, Greaves, M. (2005). Adenovirus infection following paediatric bone marrow transplantation: Is treatment always necessary? Clin Infect Dis, 40, 1244-1249. eScholarID:1d15431 | DOI:10.1086/429235
Roy, A, Bradburn, M, Moorman, AV, Burrett, J, Love, S, Kinsey, SE, Mitchell, CL, Vora, A, Eden, OB, Lilleyman, JS, Hann, I, Saha, V. (2005). Early response to induction is predictive of survival in childhood Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the Medical Research Council ALL 97 Trial. Br J Haematol, 129, 35-44. eScholarID:1d15433 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05425.x
Bury J, Hurt C, Roy A, Cheesman L, Bradburn M, Cross S, Fox J, Saha V. (2005). LISA - a web-based trial management and decision support system for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2005;129: 746-754, 129, 746-754. eScholarID:1d15447
Roy, D, Cargill, A, Love, S, Moorman, AV, Stoneham, S, Lim, A, Darbyshire, PJ, Lancaster, D, Hann, I, Eden, OB, Saha, V. (2005). Outcome of first relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - experiences from the UKALL R2 protocol. Br J Haematol, 130, 60-75. eScholarID:1d15458 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05572.x
Jones LK, Saha V. (2005). Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. Br J Haematol, 130, 489-500. eScholarID:1d15459 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05611.x
van Delft, FW, Belloti, T, Luo, Z, Jones, LK, Patel, N, Yiannikouris, O, Hill, AS, Hubank, M, Kemspki, H, Fletcher, D, Chaplin, D, Foot, N, Young, BD, Hann, I, Gammerman, A, Saha, V. (2005). Prospective gene expression analysis accurately subtypes acute leukaemia in children and establishes a commonality betweenhyperdiploidy and t(12;21) in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 130, 26-35. eScholarID:1d15435 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05545.x
Belloti T, Luo Z, Gammerman A, van Delft F, Saha V. (2005). Qualified predictions for microarray and proteomics pattern diagnostics with confidence machines. Int J Neural Sys, 15, 247-268. eScholarID:1d15460 | DOI:10.1142/S012906570500027X
2004
Bury J, Hurt C, Roy A, Bradbury M, Cross S, Fox J, Saha V. (2004). A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of LISA, a Decision Support System for Chemotherapy Dosing in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Medinfo, 2004, 197-201. eScholarID:1d15429
Bury J, Hurt C, Roy A, Bradburn M, Cross S, Fox J, Saha V. (2004). A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of LISA, a decision support system for chemotherapy dosing in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Stud Health Technol Inform, 107, 197-201. eScholarID:125868
Stoneham, S. Lennard, L. Coen, P. Lilleyman, J. Saha, V. (2004). Chronic hepatotoxicity following 6-thioguanine therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - Response. British Journal of Haematology, 125(3), 412-412. eScholarID:98599 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04920.x
van Delft, F. W. Bellotti, T. Jones, L. K. Patel, N. Hann, I. Hubank, M. Sargent, J. Daw, S. Gammerman, A. Saha, V. Chauhan, V. Senderovich, S. Kempski, H. Fletcher, D. Taylor, C. (2004). Diagnosis and outcome prediction for childhood acute leukaemia by gene expression profiling. British Journal of Haematology, 125, 67-68. eScholarID:98597
Roy, A. Bradburn, M. Moorman, A. V. Burrett, J. Mitchell, C. Kinsey, S. E. Vora, A. J. Lilleyman, J. Eden, O. Hann, I. Saha, V. (2004). Early response to induction is predictive of survival in childhood Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Results of the Medical Research Council ALL 97 trial. Blood, 104(11), 51a-51a. eScholarID:98694 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05425.x
Strefford, J. C. van Delft, F. Raghavan, M. Robinson, H. M. Moorman, A. V. Young, B. D. Saha, V. Harrison, C. J. (2004). Molecular characterization of AML1 (RUNX1) amplification: A poor risk chromosomal marker in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Blood, 104(11), 43a-43a. eScholarID:98598
van Delft F, Saha V. (2004). Molecular techniques to improve outcome in childhood ALL. Methods Mol Med, 91, eScholarID:1d21288
Roy, A. Bradburn, M. Moorman, A. Burrett, J. Mitchell, C. Kinsey, S. Hann, I. Saha, V. (2004). Outcome of Philadelphia positive (Ph+) childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) on the MRC ALL 97/01 trial. British Journal of Haematology, 125, 1-1. eScholarID:98697
Jan Zuna, Anthony M. Ford, Martina Peham, Naina Patel, Saha, V, Cornelia Eckert, Joachim Köchling, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Jan Trka, Mel Greaves. (2004). TEL Deletion Analysis Supports a Novel View of Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clinical Cancer Research, 10(16), 5355-5360. eScholarID:1d27532 | DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0584
Davis, T. B. Williamson, C. J. Sargent, J. M. van Delft, F. Saha, V. Joel, S. P. (2004). Validation of a 96-well plate based ATP assay for determining chemosensitivity of leukaemic blast cells. British Journal of Cancer, 91, S70-S70. eScholarID:98699
2003
Saha, V. (2003). Chromosomal translocations, fusions genes and acute leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer, 88, S3-S3. eScholarID:98708
Hurt C, Fox J, Bury J, Saha V. (2003). Computerised Advice on Drug Dosage Decisions in Childhood Leukaemia: A Method and a Safety Strategy. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2780, eScholarID:1d15428
L K Jones, M J Neat, F W van Delft, M P Mitchell, M Adamaki, S J Stoneham, N Patel, Saha V. (2003). Cryptic rearrangement involving MLL and AF10 occurring in utero. Leukemia, 17(8), 1667-1669. eScholarID:1d27531 | DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403039
Jones LK, Neat MJ, van Delft FW, Mitchell MP, Adamaki M, Stoneham SJ, Patel N, Saha V. (2003). Cryptic rearrangement involving MLL and AF10 occurring in utero. Leukemia, 17(8), eScholarID:1d15424
Patel N, Goff LK, Clark T, Foot N, Lillington D, Hing S, Pritchard-Jones K, Jones LK, Saha V. (2003). Expression profile of wild-type ETV6 in childhood acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 122(1), eScholarID:1d15423
Jones, L. K. Hajibagheri, N. Saha, V. Young, B. D. Toda, T. (2003). Functional analysis of two S. pombe genes which show a structural similarity to the leukaemia associated human MLLT10 gene. British Journal of Cancer, 88, S18-S18. eScholarID:98709
Jones LK, Saha V. (2003). Fusion proteins and disease. eScholarID:4d195
van Delft, F. W. Bellotti, T. Jones, L. K. Patel, N. Skinner, M. Hubank, M. Hann, I. Fletcher, D. Sargent, J. Taylor, C. Gammerman, A. (2003). Gene expression profiling in childhood acute leukaemia; a useful classification tool and a first promising insight into drug resistance. Blood, 102(11), 365a-365a. eScholarID:98702
van Delft, F. Belloti, T. Hubank, M. Chaplin, T. Patel, N. Adamaki, M. Fletcher, D. Hann, I. Jones, L. Gammerman, A. Saha, V. (2003). Hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression profiles accurately identifies subtypes of acute childhood leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer, 88, S54-S54. eScholarID:98705
Zuna, J. Ford, A. Peham, M. Patel, N. Saha, V. Eckert, C. Kochling, J. Panzer-Grumayer, R. Trka, J. Greaves, M. (2003). Recurrence of TEL/AML1-positive ALL - Relapse or a new disease? Blood, 102(11), 140a-140a. eScholarID:98700
Ghandhi M, Rao K, Chua S, Saha V, Lilleyman J, Shankar A. (2003). Routine blood counts in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after completion of therapy: are they necessary? Br J Haematol, 122, eScholarID:1d15427
Debernardi, S. Van Delft, F. Davies, A. Lillington, D. Smith, M. Lister, T. A. Saha, V. Young, B. D. Fitzgibbon, J. (2003). The Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndrome family member 1 (WASF1) gene on 6q21 is down-regulated in specific AML cytogenetic subtypes. Blood, 102(11), 582a-582a. eScholarID:98712
Sargent, J. M. Elgie, A. W. Williamson, C. J. Taylor, C. G. Van Delft, F. Saha, V. (2003). Validation of the ViaLight HS ATP assay for chemosensitivity testing in childhood ALL. Leukemia, 17(3), 681-681. eScholarID:98706
Stoneham S, Lennard L, Coen P, Lilleyman JS, Saha V. (2003). Veno-Occlusive Disease in Patients Receiving Thiopurines during Maintenance Therapy for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 123, eScholarID:1d15426
2002
Jones LK, Saha V. (2002). Chromatin modification, leukaemia and implications for therapy. Br J Haematol, 118, eScholarID:1d15421
Lowdell MW, Craston R, Samuel DP, Wood EM, O'Neill E, Saha V, Prentice HG. (2002). Evidence that continued remission in patients treated for acute leukaemia is dependent upon autologous natural killer cells. Br J Haematol, 117, eScholarID:1d15422
Bury, J. P. Hurt, C. Bateman, C. Atwal, S. Riddy, K. Fox, J. Saha, V. (2002). LISA: A clinical information and decision support system for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Amia 2002 Symposium, Proceedings, 988. eScholarID:98718
Saha, V. (2002). Making paediatric oncological research relevant. Hosp Med, 63(1), 45-54. eScholarID:98715
2001
Patel, N. Goff, L. K. Clark, T. Foot, N. Lillington, D. Hing, S. Pritchard-Jones, K. Jones, L. K. Saha, V. (2001). Comparative expression profiles of ETV6, CBFA2 and ETV6-CBFA2 in disease and remission states in childhood acute leukemia. Blood, 98(11), 163b-163b. eScholarID:98737
Wu, P. J. Bardos, J. I. Sheer, D. Freemont, P. Saha, V. (2001). Expression and association of the human trithorax and polycomb group of proteins. British Journal of Cancer, 85, 109-109. eScholarID:98722
Patel, N. Goff, L. K. Jones, L. K. Clark, T. Foot, N. Lillington, D. Hing, S. Pritchard-Jones, K. Saha, V. (2001). Expression profile of ETV6, CBFA2 and ETV6-CBFA2 in childhood ALL and AML. British Journal of Cancer, 85, 31-31. eScholarID:98736
L K Jones, T Chaplin, A Shankar, M Neat, N Patel, D P Samuel, A S Hill, S Debernardi, A Bassini, B D Young, Saha, V. (2001). Identification and molecular characterisation of a CALM-AF10 fusion in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia, 15 (6), 910 - 914. eScholarID:1d27530 | DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2402140
Jones LK, Chaplin T, Shankar A, Neat M, Patel N, Samuel DP, Saha V. (2001). Identification and molecular characterisation of a CALM-AF10 fusion in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia, 15(6), eScholarID:1d15420
Pitsiouni, M. Patel, N. Goff, L. K. Samuel, D. Wilkes, S. J. Saha, V. (2001). RQ-PCR strategies to detect minimal residual disease in childhood ALL. Leukemia, 15(12), 2008-2008. eScholarID:98734
Bury, J. P. Saha, V. Fox, J. (2001). Supporting 'scenarios' in the PROforma guideline modelling format. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 870-870. eScholarID:98740
2000
Lowdell, M. W. Wood, M. E. Samuel, D. Craston, R. Saha, V. Prentice, H. G. (2000). Autologous leukaemia-reactive CD8+NK cells are required for long-term survival after treatment for acute leukaemia. Blood, 96(11), 119a-119a. eScholarID:98745
Rao, K. Saha, V. (2000). Medical management of Aspergillus flavus endocarditis. Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 17(5), 425-427. eScholarID:98742
Lillington, D., Jaju, R., Shankar, A., Neat, M., Kearney, L., Young, B. & Saha, V (2000). Cytogenetic and molecular evidence of marrow involvement in extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 110(3), 547-51. eScholarID:85941 | PMID:10997963
Linder, B., Newman, R., Jones, L., Debernardi, S., Young, B., Freemont, P., Verrijzer, C. & Saha, V (2000). Biochemical analyses of the AF10 protein: the extended LAP/PHD-finger mediates oligomerisation. J Mol Biol, 299(2), 369-78. eScholarID:85943 | PMID:10860745 | DOI:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3766
1999
Wiemels JL, Cazzaniga G, Daniotti M, Eden OB, Addison GM, Masera G, Saha V, Biondi A, Greaves MF. (1999). Prenatal origin of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. Lancet, 354, eScholarID:1d3800
Jaju, R., Haas, O., Neat, M., Harbott, J., Saha, V., Boultwood, J., Brown, J., Pirc-Danoewinata, H., Krings, B., Müller, U., Morris, S., Wainscoat, J. & Kearney, L (1999). A new recurrent translocation, t(5;11)(q35;p15.5), associated with del(5q) in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. The UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group (UKCCG). Blood, 94(2), 773-80. eScholarID:85945 | PMID:10397745
McCullagh, P., Chaplin, T., Meerabux, J., Grenzelias, D., Lillington, D., Poulsom, R., Gregorini, A., Saha, V. & Young, B (1999). The cloning, mapping and expression of a novel gene, BRL, related to the AF10 leukaemia gene. Oncogene, 18(52), 7442-52. eScholarID:85944 | PMID:10602503 | DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1203117
Tomlinson, R., Ronghe, M., Goodbourne, C., Price, C., Lilleyman, J., Das, S. & Saha, V (1999). Once daily ceftriaxone and gentamicin for the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Arch Dis Child, 80(2), 125-31. eScholarID:85946 | PMID:10325726
1998
Attard-Montalto, S., Hadley, J., Kingston, J., Eden, O. & Saha, V (1998). Ongoing assessment of nutritional status in children with malignant disease. Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 15(5), 393-403. eScholarID:85949 | PMID:9783305
Linder, B., Jones, L., Chaplin, T., Mohd-Sarip, A., Heinlein, U., Young, B. & Saha, V (1998). Expression pattern and cellular distribution of the murine homologue of AF10. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1443(3), 285-96. eScholarID:85948 | PMID:9878787
Saha, V., Young, B. & Freemont, P (1998). Translocations, fusion genes, and acute leukemia. J Cell Biochem Suppl, 30-31, 264-76. eScholarID:85947 | PMID:9893279
1997
Goddard, A. & Saha, V (1997). Late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis following bone marrow transplantation: a case report. Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 14(3), 273-5. eScholarID:85950 | PMID:9185212
1996
Attard-Montalto, S., Saha, V., Kingston, J., Plowman, N., Taylor, M., Arlett, C., Bridges, B. & Eden, O (1996). Increased radiosensitivity in a child with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Pediatr Oncol, 27(6), 564-70. eScholarID:85952 | PMID:8888819
Gregorini, A., Sahin, F., Lillington, D., Meerabux, J., Saha, V., McCullagh, P., Bocci, M., Menevse, S., Papa, S. & Young, B (1996). Gene BR140, which is related to AF10 and AF17, maps to chromosome band 3p25. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 17(4), 269-72. eScholarID:85951 | PMID:8946209
Young, B. & Saha, V (1996). Chromosome abnormalities in leukaemia: the 11q23 paradigm. Cancer Surv, 28, 225-45. eScholarID:85953 | PMID:8977038
1995
Saha, V., Lillington, D., Shelling, A., Chaplin, T., Yaspo, M., Ganesan, T. & Young, B (1995). AF6 gene on chromosome band 6q27 maps distal to the minimal region of deletion in epithelial ovarian cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 14(3), 220-2. eScholarID:85954 | PMID:8589040