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Two-dimensional electron and hole gases at the surface of graphite
Morozov, S V; Novoselov, K S; Schedin, F; Jiang, D; Firsov, A A; Geim, A K
Physical Review B. 2005;72(20).
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Abstract
We report two-dimensional (2D) electron and hole gases induced at the surface of graphite by the electric field effect. The 2D gases reside within a few near-surface atomic layers and exhibit mobilities up to 15 000 and 60 000 cm(2)/V s at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively. The mobilities imply ballistic transport on mu m scale. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveal the existence of two types of charge carries in both electron and hole gases.
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