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The associations of anxiety, depression and personal illness representations with glycaemic control and health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Paschalides C, Wearden AJ, Dunkerley R, Bundy CC, Davies R, Dickens C
J Psychosom Res. 2004;57( 6):557-564.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the interrelationships of anxiety, depression and personal illness representations with glycaemic control and health-related quality of life in adults with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: One hundred eighty-four consecutive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), the Well-Being Scale (WBQ) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Demographic characteristics, details of diabetes status (duration of diabetes, treatments and complications) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded. RESULTS: Depression was correlated with greater perceived symptom load (r = .48, P < .01), worse anticipated consequences (r = -.41, P < .01) and perceived lack of control of diabetes (r = .28, P < .01). After controlling for demographic and illness characteristics, personal illness representations relating to symptom load and anticipated consequences were independently associated with the SF-36 physical functioning score, contributing an additional 15% to the variance. WBQ depression and anxiety scores, along with IPQ control and consequences, were independently associated with SF-36 mental function score, contributing a further 51% to the variance after controlling for demographic and illness details. Neither IPQ nor WBQ scales were associated with HbA1c after controlling for demographic and medical illness details. CONCLUSION: Anxiety, depression and negative beliefs about illness influence physical and mental functioning, but not metabolic control in patients with diabetes.
Keyword(s)
Aged; Anxiety; Attitude to Health; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; pathology: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; therapeutic use: Hypoglycemic Agents