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Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content and generalized bladder inflammation in mice
Mingin GC, Peterson A, Erickson CS, Nelson MT, Vizzard MA
American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (Print). 2014;307:R893-R900.
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Abstract
Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 hour per day for 2 or 4 weeks. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 weeks. Stressed FVB mice exhibited non-voiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISA assays demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in NGF protein expression in urinary bladder compared to controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Histamine and NGF protein expression were both significantly increased with increased stress compared to control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function. Copyright © 2013, American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.