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- DOI: 10.1037/a0022972
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Extreme Appraisals of Internal States and Bipolar Symptoms: The Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory
Dodd, A. L., Mansell, W., Morrison, A. P., & Tai, S. J
Psychological Assessment. 2011;23(3):635-645.
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Full-text held externally
- DOI: 10.1037/a0022972
Abstract
Background: The Hypomanic Attitudes & Positive Predictions Inventory (Mansell, 2006) was developed to assess multiple, extreme, self-relevant appraisals of internal states. The current study aimed to validate the HAPPI in a clinical sample. We hypothesised that the HAPPI would be associated with prospective symptoms and functioning, when controlling for baseline symptoms and potentially confounding measures. Methods: Participants (N = 50) with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (confirmed by a structured clinical interview) completed a series of questionnaires pertaining to clinical factors, reward motivation, cognitive style and symptoms at baseline, in addition to the HAPPI. Over the following 4 weeks, participants were asked to complete self-report measures of symptoms, functioning, and behaviours twice weekly. Results: The HAPPI was positively associated with activation and conflict after 4 weeks, independently of potential confounds. Further, individual HAPPI factors were associated with activation, conflict, and depression. Limitations: This study used self-report symptom measures and a relatively short period of 4 weeks for prospective follow-up.Conclusions: The results provided preliminary support for the predictive validity of the HAPPI in a clinical sample.