Bachelor of Arts (BASS)

BASS Sociology and Criminology

Study crime and its relationship to human behaviour today.
  • Duration: 3 or 4 years
  • Year of entry: 2025
  • UCAS course code: LM39 / Institution code: M20
  • Key features:
  • Study abroad
  • Industrial experience

Full entry requirementsHow to apply

Course unit details:
Causal Inference for Policies, Interventions and Experiments

Course unit fact file
Unit code SOST30172
Credit rating 20
Unit level Level 3
Teaching period(s) Semester 2
Available as a free choice unit? Yes

Overview

Researchers, government, policy takers, business leaders and people in general are motivated by "causal questions" of the type "Does X cause Y" (e.g does policing reduce crime? Do minimum wages increase unemployment? Does a new educational innovation increase educational achievement? Does a new policy reduce waiting lists in hospitals? Does expenditure in marketing increase sales? Dos affirmative action reduce discrimination?). Standard statistical methods, regardless of their complexity, cannot answer these questions on their own and a new set of statistical tools are needed.

This unit introduces the modern methods of causal inference. You will learn Rubin's Potential Outcomes framework, and how to use this framework to clarify what data can tell you about a causal effect of interest. You will learn various methods to estimate causal effects from observational and experimental data. Critically, you will be able to gain a deep understanding of the role that different assumptions play in determining what one can learn from data regarding causal questions. The skills you can acquire in this course are applicable to explore causal questions and undertake policy evaluation in a myriad of fields, including economics, criminology, sociology and politics, development, medicine, epidemiology or psychology, to mention but a few. 
 

Pre/co-requisites

A previous course on statistical methods (e.g. ECON10072, SOST10062, MATH10282).

Aims

Specifically, by completing this module, you will:  

  • Learn to estimate causal effects and answer causal questions in a rich variety of situations ranging from experimental settings to observational data from irregular assignment mechanisms  
  • Understand the role played by assumptions in the identification of causal effects in different settings  
  • Become acquaintance with a wide range of estimation and inferential methods for causal models in design based setting (e.g. instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, difference in difference) and model based settings (panel data, matching methods) as well as some more advanced techniques (principal stratification and partial identification)  
  • You will learn to use the free software R to implement those statistical methods  

The skills you will learn in this module are relevant in a vast range of fields spanning both sciences and social sciences and can be applied without modification to causal problems in economics, criminology, sociology and politics, development, medicine, epidemiology or psychology, to mention but a few areas. Therefore, upon successfully completing the module, you can apply the acquired skills to advice about causal questions to government or business leaders in any field, to work as an statistician or econometrician in a vast range of research think tank or a large corporations, or you could seek to expand your skill set in a post-graduate degree with a statistical or econometric component.

Learning outcomes

Student should, at the end of this course, be able to:  

  • Select, among a pool of competing methods, those most appropriate to estimate the effect of a policy, experiment or intervention on an outcome of interest.  
  • Implement the selected estimator using widely available software such as R.  
  • Successfully write a report explaining and supporting the findings of their analyses.  
  • Conditional on having a clear policy or research question, students will be able to design policies, experiments and interventions to estimate causal effects.  
     

Teaching and learning methods

Teaching will be based on asynchronous lectures, regular exercises, and a weekly live session.  

Please note the information in scheduled activity hours are for guidance only and may change.  

Assessment methods

Written assessment 60% 

Set exercises 40% 

Feedback methods

Students will receive summative feedback which gives you a mark for your assessed work.

The School of Social Sciences (SoSS) is committed to providing timely and appropriate feedback to students on their academic progress and achievement, thereby enabling students to reflect on their progress and plan their academic and skills development effectively. Students are reminded that feedback is necessarily responsive: only when a student has done a certain amount of work and approaches us with it at the appropriate fora is it possible for us to feed back on the student's work. The main forms of feedback on this course are written feedback responses to assessed essays and exam answers.

We also draw your attention to the variety of generic forms of feedback available to you on this as on all SoSS courses. These include: meeting the lecturer/tutor during their office hours; e-mailing questions to the lecturer/tutor; asking questions from the lecturer (before and after lecture); presenting a question on the discussion board on Blackboard; and obtaining feedback from your peers during tutorials.  

Recommended reading

Rosenbaum, P. (2017) Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference. Cambridge University Press.  

Imbens, G. and Rubin, D. (2015) Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and  Biomedical Sciences, An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.  

Morgan and Winship, (2015). Counterfactual and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Science Research. Cambridge University Press.  

Manski, C. (2007) Identification for prediction and decision. Harvard University Press.  

Study hours

Scheduled activity hours
Lectures 20
Practical classes & workshops 10
Independent study hours
Independent study 170

Teaching staff

Staff member Role
Eduardo Fe Rodriguez Unit coordinator

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