Introduction to GIS

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that creates, manages, analyses, and maps all types of data (ESRI, 2023). Principles in GIS include coordinate reference systems, map projections, and the main two models that characterize real-world entities: vector and raster models. In addition, a representing of 3D data is presented using Extended Reality and Immersive Technologies. GIS can link where thinks are (location data) and what thinks are like there (descriptive information). This knowledge help students to explore and understand patterns, relationships, and the geographical context. The unit also provides examples of practical applications on both Human and Physical geography and help students to communicate, perform analysis, share information, and solve complex problems around the world. The lectures are supported by computer-based practicals with exercises that enable students to acquire first hand practical knowledge in using GIS software and data. 

• Provide the principles in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) related to data gathering, processing, and production of outcomes. 
• Enhance student experience in GIS by using augmented and virtual realities. 
• Present the variety of current GIS software packages, includes QGIS.
• Show the wide range of GIS applications in research and the industry.
• Develop practical techniques and transferable skills in Geographical Information Science (GISc).
   

Intended sessions:

- Session 1: What is GIScience and Systems?
- Session 2: Spatial data management
- Session 3: Coordinate Systems and Map projections
- Session 4: Vector data model
- Session 5: Cartography and mapping
- Session 6: Raster data model
- Session 7: GIS in 3D
- Session 8: Spatial Analysis
- Session 9: Human Geography applications
- Session 10: Physical Geography applications
 

The unit is delivered using a mix of teaching methods (three hours of classes per week) within a suitable computer laboratory to provide a range of learning opportunities:

- Lectures (1 hour per week) provides the theory and concepts in GIS to be applied in the practicals and discussion.
- Practicals (2 hours per week) with guided activities to train students in using QGIS software.
- Timetabled practical surgeries (last two weeks) provides extra support besides staff consultation hours.
- Experiential learning (1 week) using Extended Reality and Immersive Technologies (optional)

E-learning: Teaching is supported via Canvas at the University of Manchester, which will provide access to course materials and wider resources on GIS.
 

• Define the main principles in GIS
• Describe coordinate systems in GIS
• Perform basic spatial analysis: overlay
• Be aware of the multiple GIS applications in Geography
   

• Represent the physical and human world in GIS
• Evaluate the use of map projections
• Differentiate between both data models used in GIS
• Reflect and discuss on GIS applications in research/industry
   

• Demonstrate skills in georeferencing 
• Search and retrieve data from library and internet resources
• Create, explore, and map data using QGIS
• Create a basic map showing geospatial data
   

• Manage geospatial data
• Use internet resources to search datasets
• Produce maps as report outcomes applying cartographic principles
   

Formative Assessment Task:

Canvas Quizzes and/or interactive quizzes via Menti    
5 – 10 minutes per quiz    
Automated written feedback upon quiz completion, or verbal communication in class
 

Summative Assessment task :  

Assignment 1: Georeferencing and Map Production

Length:  Cartographic Product, with 500 words description 

Feedback: Individual written feedback, within 15 working days of submission    

Weighting: 40%

Assignment 2: Individual Coursework of GIS application.
Given the data models used in GIS (vector and raster), students will perform basic spatial analysis on a chosen topic (case study) from either Human or Physical geography, using QGIS and at least two datasets. For example, Deprived areas vs income levels (Human geography), or Landcover vs temperature (Physical geography). The goal is to apply analytical skills in GIS.

Length:  1000 word report, plus map deliverables

Feedback:  3 weeks after submission: Individual written feedback via Turnitin    

Weighting:  60%
 

Main textbooks (available online):
•    Heywood, I., Cornelius, S. & Carver, S. (2011) An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems, Fourth Edition, Harlow, England; Toronto : Prentice Hall
•    Longley, P. A. Goodchild, M. F. Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (2015) Geographic Information Science and Systems, Fourth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons
•    Madry, S. (2021). Introduction to QGIS: open source geographic information system. Tutorial Series QGIS 3.16 LTR

Additional readings:
•    ESRI (2023) What is GIS? Online at https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/overview.